ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ଗର୍ଭପାତ

Mifepristone/misoprostol
Combination of
Mifepristone	Progesterone receptor modulator
Misoprostol	Prostaglandin
Clinical data
Trade names	Mifegymiso, others
Routes of; administration	Buccal, by mouth
ATC code	G03XB51 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) ; CA: ℞-only ; UK: POM (Prescription only) ; US: ℞-only Medications are approved separately; EU: Rx-only ;

ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Infobox abortion method

ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ଗର୍ଭପାତ (ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ Medical abortion), ଅନ୍ୟ ନାମ ଔଷଧ ଗର୍ଭପାତ, କୁହାଯାଏ, ଯେତେବେଳେ ଗର୍ଭପାତ କରେଇବା ପାଇଁ ଔଷଧ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ ।^[୬] ଗର୍ଭାଶୟ ଶୋଷଣ କିମ୍ବା ପ୍ରସାରଣ ଓ ବ‌ହିଷ୍କାର ପାଇଁ କରାଯାଉଥିବା ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାର ଗର୍ଭପାତର ଏହ ଏକ ବିକଳ୍ପ ।^[୭] ^[୮] ^[୬] ୟୁରୋପ, ଭାରତ, ଚୀନ୍ ଏବଂ ଆମେରିକା ସମେତ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ଗର୍ଭପାତ ଅଧିକ ଦେଖାଯାଏ। ^[୯] ^[୧୦]

ସାଧାରଣ ସୁପାରିଶରେ ମିଫେପ୍ରିଷ୍ଟୋନ୍ ଏବଂ ତାହା ପରେ ମିସୋପ୍ରୋଷ୍ଟଲ୍ , ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି ଔଷଧ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୮] ଯେତେବେଳେ ମିଫେପ୍ରିଷ୍ଟୋନ ଉପଲବ୍ଧ ନଥିଲେ କେବଳ ମିସୋପ୍ରୋଷ୍ଟୋଲ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଇପାରେ; ଯଦିଓ ଅନ୍ୟ ବିକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉପଲବ୍‌ଧ ଅଛି ।^[୮] ^[୭] ପ୍ରଥମ ତ୍ରୈମାସିକରେ ଏହି ଔଷଧ ନିରାପଦରେ ଘରେ ଦିଆଯାଇପାରିବ ।^[୬] ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ତ୍ରୈମାସିକରେ, ଏହାର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଡାକ୍ତରଖାନାରେ କରିବାକୁ ସୁପାରିଶ କରାଯାଏ ।^[୮]

ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥା ବୟସରେ (୧୩ରୁ ୨୪ ସପ୍ତାହ) ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ଗର୍ଭପାତ ଉଭୟ ନିରାପଦ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ଅଟେ ।^[୮] ତୃତୀୟ ତ୍ରୈମାସିକରେ ବ୍ୟବହାରକୁ କିଛି ପ୍ରମାଣ ସମର୍ଥନ କରେ ।^[୧୧] ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଯୋନୀ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ, ଗର୍ଭାଶୟ କଷ୍ଟ, ବାନ୍ତି, ଏବଂ ତରଳ ଝାଡ଼ା ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୭] ଏହା ମାନସିକ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସମସ୍ୟା, ସ୍ତନ କର୍କଟ କିମ୍ବା ବନ୍ଧ୍ୟାକରଣର ବିପଦ ସଙ୍କଟ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ କରେ ନାହିଁ ।^[୬] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ମାତାର ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପ୍ରସବ ଅପେକ୍ଷା ୧୪ ଗୁଣ କମ ଥାଏ ଏବଂ ହସ୍ପିଟାଲରେ ଭର୍ତ୍ତି, ରକ୍ତଦାନ, କିମ୍ବା ଅସ୍ତ୍ରୋପଚାରରେ ପ୍ରତି ୧୦୦୦ରେ ୪ରୁ କମ୍ ହୁଏ ।^[୧୨]

୧୯୭୦ ଦଶକରେ ଡାକ୍ତରୀ ଗର୍ଭପାତ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୭] ୨୦୨୦ ମସିହାରେ ସେଗୁଡିକ ଅଧ ନିୟୁତରୁ ଅଧିକ ଥର କରାଯାଇଥିଲା ।^[୧୩] ଅସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ଗର୍ଭପାତ ହାର ଏବଂ ଏହାର ମୃତ୍ୟୁହାର ହ୍ରାସ କରିବାକୁ ଏହି ପ୍ରୟାସରେ ସମସ୍ତ ମହିଳା ଓ ବାଳିକା ଚିକିତ୍ସା ଗର୍ଭପାତ ପାଇପାରିବେ ବୋଲି ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନ ପରାମର୍ଶ ଦେଇଛି ।^[୧୪] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ୨୦୨୩ ସୁଦ୍ଧା ଏହି ଔଷଧର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ୫୦୦ ଡଲାରରୁ ଅଧିକ ହୋଇପାରେ; ଯଦିଓ ଦାନକାରୀମାନେ ମାଗଣାରେ କିମ୍ବା କମ୍ ମୂଲ୍ୟରେ ଯୋଗାଇ ପାରନ୍ତି ।^[୧୫] ^[୧୬] ^[୧୭] କାନାଡ଼ାରେ ଏହା କାନାଡ଼ାବାସୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୧୮] ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ଏବଂ ମଧ୍ୟମ ଆୟକାରୀ ଦେଶରେ ୨୦୧୮ ସୁଦ୍ଧା ଏହାର ମୂଲ୍ୟ ୪ରୁ ୩୬ ଡଲାର ଥିଲା ।^[୧୯] ଏହା ଜରୁରୀକାଳୀନ ଜନ୍ମ ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରଣ ସହିତ ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱରେ ରହିବା ଉଚିତ୍ ନୁହେଁ ଯାହା ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣ ରୋକିବା ପାଇଁ ଯୌନ କ୍ରିୟା ପରେ ପରେ ଶୀଘ୍ର ନିଆଯାଏ ।^[୨୦]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ Linepharma International Limited (April 15, 2019). "Mifegymiso Product Monograph" (PDF). Health Canada.
↑ "AusPAR: MS-2 Step (composite pack)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). February 15, 2024. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
↑ "Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2015 Highlights". Health Canada. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
↑ "Mifepristone/misoprostol: List of nationally authorised medicinal products" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. January 14, 2021. PSUSA/00010378/202005.
↑ "Medabon - Combipack of Mifepristone 200 mg tablet and Misoprostol 4 x 0.2 mg vaginal tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC). February 3, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2021.
↑ ^୬.୦ ^୬.୧ ^୬.୨ ^୬.୩ Macnaughton, H; Nothnagle, M; Early, J (15 April 2021). "Mifepristone and Misoprostol for Early Pregnancy Loss and Medication Abortion". American family physician. 103 (8): 473–480. PMID 33856168. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
↑ ^୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ ^୭.୩ Zhang J, Zhou K, Shan D, Luo X (May 2022). "Medical methods for first trimester abortion". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (5): CD002855. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub5. PMC 9128719. PMID 35608608.
↑ ^୮.୦ ^୮.୧ ^୮.୨ ^୮.୩ ^୮.୪ Gemzell-Danielsson, K; Lalitkumar, S (May 2008). "Second trimester medical abortion with mifepristone-misoprostol and misoprostol alone: a review of methods and management". Reproductive health matters. 16 (31 Suppl): 162–72. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31371-8. PMID 18772097.
↑ Kapp N, von Hertzen H (2009). "Medical methods to induce abortion in the second trimester". In Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD (eds.). Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy : comprehensive abortion care. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 178–192. ISBN 978-1-4051-7696-5.
↑ "Medication Abortion Now Accounts for More Than Half of All US Abortions". Guttmacher Institute. December 1, 2022. Archived from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2023. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
↑ Vlad S, Boucoiran I, St-Pierre ÉR, Ferreira E (June 2022). "Mifepristone-Misoprostol Use for Second- and Third-Trimester Medical Termination of Pregnancy in a Canadian Tertiary Care Centre". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 44 (6): 683–689. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2021.12.010. PMID 35114381.
↑ "Analysis of Medication Abortion Risk and the FDA report - "Mifepristone U.S. Post-Marketing Adverse Events Summary through 12/31/2018"" (PDF). Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health. 2019-04-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-08-18. The mortality rate for women known to have had a live-born infant is 8.8 per 100,000 live births, which is about 14 times higher than the mortality rate associated with medication abortion.
↑ "Some Women 'Self-Manage' Abortions as Access Recedes - Information and medications needed to end a pregnancy are increasingly available outside the health care system". The New York Times. 2022-08-07. Archived from the original on 2022-09-05. Retrieved 2023-08-18. More than half a million women had medication abortions in 2020 in the United States, and fewer than half of 1 percent experience serious complications, studies show. Medical interventions like hospitalizations or blood transfusions were needed by fewer than 0.4 percent of patients, according to a 2013 review of dozens of studies involving tens of thousands of patients.
↑ "WHO issues new guidelines on abortion to help countries deliver lifesaving care". www.who.int (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
↑ McCann, Allison (13 April 2023). "Inside the Online Market for Overseas Abortion Pills". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
↑ "How Much Do Abortion Pills Cost?". GoodRx. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
↑ "How much does the abortion pill cost?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
↑ "FAQ: The Abortion Pill Mifegymiso | Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights". www.actioncanadashr.org. Archived from the original on 2023-05-28. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
↑ Durocher, J; Kilfedder, C; Frye, LJ; Winikoff, B; Srinivasan, K (December 2021). "A descriptive analysis of medical abortion commodity availability and pricing at retail outlets in 44 countries across four regions globally". Sexual and reproductive health matters. 29 (1): 1982460. doi:10.1080/26410397.2021.1982460. PMID 34719353.
↑ "The Difference Between the Morning-After Pill and the Abortion Pill" (PDF). Planned Parenthood. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

[Mifegymiso_Product_Monograph-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ Linepharma International Limited (April 15, 2019). "Mifegymiso Product Monograph" (PDF). Health Canada.

[2] "AusPAR: MS-2 Step (composite pack)". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). February 15, 2024. Retrieved March 31, 2024.

[3] "Health Canada New Drug Authorizations: 2015 Highlights". Health Canada. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2024.

[4] "Mifepristone/misoprostol: List of nationally authorised medicinal products" (PDF). European Medicines Agency. January 14, 2021. PSUSA/00010378/202005.

[5] "Medabon - Combipack of Mifepristone 200 mg tablet and Misoprostol 4 x 0.2 mg vaginal tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". Electronic Medicines Compendium (EMC). February 3, 2020. Retrieved January 19, 2021.

[Mac2021-6] ୬.୦ ^୬.୧ ^୬.୨ ^୬.୩ Macnaughton, H; Nothnagle, M; Early, J (15 April 2021). "Mifepristone and Misoprostol for Early Pregnancy Loss and Medication Abortion". American family physician. 103 (8): 473–480. PMID 33856168. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.

[Zh2022-7] ୭.୦ ^୭.୧ ^୭.୨ ^୭.୩ Zhang J, Zhou K, Shan D, Luo X (May 2022). "Medical methods for first trimester abortion". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 (5): CD002855. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002855.pub5. PMC 9128719. PMID 35608608.

[Gem2008-8] ୮.୦ ^୮.୧ ^୮.୨ ^୮.୩ ^୮.୪ Gemzell-Danielsson, K; Lalitkumar, S (May 2008). "Second trimester medical abortion with mifepristone-misoprostol and misoprostol alone: a review of methods and management". Reproductive health matters. 16 (31 Suppl): 162–72. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(08)31371-8. PMID 18772097.

[Kapp2009-9] Kapp N, von Hertzen H (2009). "Medical methods to induce abortion in the second trimester". In Paul M, Lichtenberg ES, Borgatta L, Grimes DA, Stubblefield PG, Creinin MD (eds.). Management of unintended and abnormal pregnancy : comprehensive abortion care. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 178–192. ISBN 978-1-4051-7696-5.

[Gutt2022-10] "Medication Abortion Now Accounts for More Than Half of All US Abortions". Guttmacher Institute. December 1, 2022. Archived from the original on May 10, 2022. Retrieved April 16, 2023. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[Vlad2022-11] Vlad S, Boucoiran I, St-Pierre ÉR, Ferreira E (June 2022). "Mifepristone-Misoprostol Use for Second- and Third-Trimester Medical Termination of Pregnancy in a Canadian Tertiary Care Centre". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 44 (6): 683–689. doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2021.12.010. PMID 35114381.

[AN2019-12] "Analysis of Medication Abortion Risk and the FDA report - "Mifepristone U.S. Post-Marketing Adverse Events Summary through 12/31/2018"" (PDF). Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health. 2019-04-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-16. Retrieved 2023-08-18. The mortality rate for women known to have had a live-born infant is 8.8 per 100,000 live births, which is about 14 times higher than the mortality rate associated with medication abortion.

[NYT2022-13] "Some Women 'Self-Manage' Abortions as Access Recedes - Information and medications needed to end a pregnancy are increasingly available outside the health care system". The New York Times. 2022-08-07. Archived from the original on 2022-09-05. Retrieved 2023-08-18. More than half a million women had medication abortions in 2020 in the United States, and fewer than half of 1 percent experience serious complications, studies show. Medical interventions like hospitalizations or blood transfusions were needed by fewer than 0.4 percent of patients, according to a 2013 review of dozens of studies involving tens of thousands of patients.

[14] "WHO issues new guidelines on abortion to help countries deliver lifesaving care". www.who.int (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

[15] McCann, Allison (13 April 2023). "Inside the Online Market for Overseas Abortion Pills". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.

[16] "How Much Do Abortion Pills Cost?". GoodRx. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

[17] "How much does the abortion pill cost?". www.plannedparenthood.org (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.

[18] "FAQ: The Abortion Pill Mifegymiso | Action Canada for Sexual Health and Rights". www.actioncanadashr.org. Archived from the original on 2023-05-28. Retrieved 6 December 2023.

[19] Durocher, J; Kilfedder, C; Frye, LJ; Winikoff, B; Srinivasan, K (December 2021). "A descriptive analysis of medical abortion commodity availability and pricing at retail outlets in 44 countries across four regions globally". Sexual and reproductive health matters. 29 (1): 1982460. doi:10.1080/26410397.2021.1982460. PMID 34719353.

[20] "The Difference Between the Morning-After Pill and the Abortion Pill" (PDF). Planned Parenthood. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

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